The Namibian Avifaunal Database: User Manual
by
A. Robertson & A.M. Jarvis
Directorate of Environmental Affairs
Ministry of Environment and Tourism
Private Bag 13306
Windhoek, Namibia









TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW *
Aims and contents of this document *
Data sets held in the Avifaunal Database *
Section 1: Using the menus to do things quickly and easily *
Opening the database *
The Main Menu *
Extract data (display or export results) *
Extract data (as a formatted report to print) *
Enter data *
Check / edit data *
Open bibliography *
Open the on-line manual for this database *
Exit this screen and go to the database window *
Exit from the database *
Section 2: Structure and design of the Avifaunal Database *
The Relational Database concept *
Organisation and naming of data sets *
Central tables *
SABAP Data *
Raptor Road Count Data *
Wetland Data *
Museum Data *
Nest Record Card Data *
Damara Tern Nest Record Data *
Endemics Data *
Database Maintenance *
Section 3: Practical uses of the database and how to design new queries and reports to achieve them *
Example queries *
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Avifaunal database project was funded under the Namibia National Biodiversity Programme, by GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit). The Biodiversity programme was initiated by Dr Chris Brown, and is co-ordinated from the Directorate of Environmental Affairs (DEA) by Dr Phoebe Barnard. In addition to their valuable input, much additional help and support throughout the duration of the project was received from Drs Rob Simmons and John Mendelsohn.

The majority of the data now stored in the database were collected by members of the public over the last 20 years or so, including many MET staff, Bird Club members and private individuals. Without such enthusiastic support from the public, Namibia’s birds would be less well known and these data would be much less valuable.

We are grateful to a number of people including Aletta Platt, Chrizelda Ruhl, Letitia Britz and Fiona Trewby for undertaking the task of converting huge piles of paper and old record cards into computerised data.

We also thank the head, and staff, of the DEA for their help and support during this project and for providing a stimulating and enjoyable work environment..
 

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

Many more data have been collected on birds in Namibia than any other group of species. These data represent an extremely valuable source of information on a variety of aspects such as recent and historical distributions, density, breeding characteristics and habitat use and can potentially be used for numerous purposes such as conservation and management planning, ecological or behavioural studies. This database contains data from many sources. By using data from several sources, it is often possible to derive an 'overall picture' which is not provided by using just one data set alone. When used in conjunction with comparable data on other taxa e.g. plants, mammals and reptiles, these data will provide a unique and invaluable management and planning tool. Some potential uses of the bird data are:

  • Identification of indicator species of habitat quality and change, particularly species at the top of the food chain e.g. raptors
  • Identification of key habitats and sites for targeted groups of birds e.g. wetlands used by >1% of one or more species' population, which thus qualify as potential Ramsar sites
  • Comparative assessments of changes in raptor densities across the country in relation to factors such as changes in land use, habitat degradation, rainfall
  • Identification of Important Bird Areas based on congruence of bird groups such as Red Data species, Wetland bird, Raptors
    •  The database also includes an extensive bibliography of references relating to birds in Namibia and southern Africa as well as an on-line version of this manual.

    The Avifaunal Database Project started in January 1997, with the aim of entering all of Namibia's bird data onto a database, developing a user-friendly interface to facilitate the easy use of these data by people with an interest in biodiversity and conservation and doing some preliminary data analyses. A key objective of the project was to produce a database that could be used as a model system for other taxa, demonstrating the benefits of compiling data onto a powerful, yet user-friendly, system. This document describes the Namibian Avifaunal Database (which is housed at the Directorate of Environmental Affairs in Windhoek) and explains how to use it.
     

    Aims and contents of this document

    This document aims to summarise and describe the information held within the database, giving sufficient information to enable the continuing input and extraction of data.

    In order to facilitate maximum use of the database, a menu system and user interface has been developed to allow easy data entry and the extraction of many commonly requested data summaries. The menus are run by clicking on buttons to select options and do not require the user to have any knowledge of how the database works. Section 1 (page *) describes all the options of the menus and gives step-by-step instructions for entering data, extracting and saving data and producing formatted reports.

    People wishing to use the database to carry out tasks that are not possible through the customised menus will need to have an understanding of the database structure, tables and relationships (as well as a basic knowledge of Access) in order to design new queries and reports. These aspects of the database are described in Section 2 (page *).

    Section 3 (page *) describes some example uses, and potential uses, of the database, and illustrates these using existing example queries set up for these types of analyses.
     

    Data sets held in the Avifaunal Database

    The database contains six substantial data sets with related species and geographical information. The data sets are:
     

  • Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP) data
  • Raptor Road Count data
  • Wetland data
  • Museum data
  • Nest Record data
  • Damara Tern Nest record data
    •  To give an impression of the complexity of the database, an overview of the database structure and design is presented in Figure 1 in the printed version of this manual. Tables making up the seven datasets above have been colour-coded for clarity.
     

    Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP) data

    The SABAP was a huge public participation project covering the southern African region; the results of the project were published in the two-volume Atlas of Southern African Birds in 1997. Bird Atlas data were collected in Namibia between 1970 and 1993; some historical data were also incorporated. Data were collected in the form of species lists at the resolution of quarter degree squares (QDS; c. 27 x 27 km) and calendar month. Proven or suspected breeding activity was also recorded. The Namibian dataset contains over half a million records of 605 species.

    Uses of these data include

  • mapping of bird distributions and relative abundance
  • identification of breeding localities
  • assessing seasonality of bird distributions and movements
  • obtaining species lists and reporting rates for areas such as National Parks and selected QDS
  • diversity analyses to identify areas of particular importance for selected species or groups of species
    •  Raptor Road Count data

    The Raptor Road Count project was launched in 1977 and data collection has continued since then, though in recent years interest has tailed off. This is a public participation project whereby raptors and storks are recorded whilst driving along roads and tracks throughout the country. For each observation, the time of day, species, number of birds and odometer is recorded, with additional information on activity and age often being recorded. The amount of data collected by this project is impressive: by 1997 over 300 people had been involved, recording 116 551 birds, of 63 species of raptors during 1.2 million km of driving throughout the whole country.

    Uses of these data include

  • assessing changes in density of raptor species over time to provide a baseline for future monitoring
  • assessing effects of factors such as land use change on raptor densities
  • assessing breeding success and population dynamics of raptor populations over time
  • monitoring the health of species at the top of the food chain, as indicators of environmental health
    •  Wetland data

    Regular bird counts at selected wetlands and coastal sites throughout the country have been undertaken since 1991, with some earlier information also available for a few sites e.g. Walvis Bay and Sandwich. Data are recorded on IWRB (Wetlands International) forms. Counts have generally been made during the months of January, April and/or July, though few sites have been counted at every count date and many new sites have been added since 1991.

    Although a lot is already known about the local and international importance of some of Namibia's wetlands, there are many aspects we still don't know enough about. Many of the wetlands in Caprivi are poorly known, for example, and information on the importance of Namibia's wetlands to migratory birds is limited. With regular counts over many years it will be possible to identify trends in wetlands use by different groups of birds, and thus identify particularly important wetlands. Some wetlands may qualify as Ramsar sites on the basis of regularly supporting >1% of a species population. Recognition of the importance of Namibia's wetlands to resident and migratory birds as well as other animals and plants may enhance their perceived conservation value and protection status.

    Uses of these data include

  • identification of Namibia's most important wetland sites in terms of overall number of birds, number of Red Data species, number of migratory birds etc
  • monitoring of these key sites, many of which are threatened or endangered in Namibia
  • using birds as indicators of 'health' of wetland sites
    •  Museum data

    Many museums around the world hold ornithological specimens that were originally collected in Namibia, some dating back to expeditions made in the early 1800s and before. By January 1999, the database contained information on over 24 000 specimens. For many species, particularly larks, weavers and finches there are several hundred specimens, with Sabota lark topping the list with almost 500 specimens. Most specimens have associated information on the collection date and locality, although for some this is simply "Damaraland" or "Kaokoveld".

    Uses of these data include

  • comparison of historical bird distributions with those of SABAP, for example, to produce an insight into changes over time and factors influencing birds
    •  Nest Record data

    Nest record data have been collected on nest record cards for many years, with some additional data going back to the 1800's. Nests are recorded either as single nests or breeding colonies. By January 1999, several species had over 100 nest records, particularly those which have been the focus of research projects, with lappetfaced vulture topping the list at over 300 cards. Others with over 100 cards include ostrich, whitefronted plover and African marsh warbler.

    Uses of these data include

  • identifying species which regularly breed in Namibia
  • identifying important breeding sites in Namibia
  • providing baseline data on e.g. egg size, clutch size, seasonality, breeding success
  • assessing effects of factors such as geographical location, rainfall and human disturbance on breeding attempts
    •  Damara Tern Nest record data

    The Damara Tern is near-endemic to Namibia and recent population estimates put its population size at around 13 500 birds. In addition to data collected under the Nest Record scheme, detailed data on Damara Tern breeding have been collected systematically throughout its range. In addition to date and locality information, data are collected on nest contents, chick activity, predation and habitat.

    Uses of these data include

  • identification of key Damara Tern breeding areas
  • assessment of breeding success throughout its range
  • assessment of habitat preference
  • identification of factors leading to breeding failure
    •  Endemics data

    The database also contains data on 10 of Namibia's inland endemic species, based on fieldwork carried out during 7 months in 1996. These data represent predicted numbers of each species in each QDS in Namibia, and a diversity ranking (Shannon Index) based on these predictions.

    Uses of these data include

  • assessment of population sizes and distributions of Namibia's endemics
  • identification of key areas for these species and assessment of their protection status
    •  
    Section 1: Using the menus to do things quickly and easily

    Opening the database

    The database is opened by clicking on the Avifaunal Database icon on the desktop screen that appears when the computer is switched on. When the database is opened a main menu appears which gives you several options. Clicking on any of the options takes you to another menu, and so on. Items listed on the menus allow you to extract data such as lists of species for a quarter degree square (QDS), museum specimens for a particular species or all species in Namibia. In most cases, when you select one of these options you will be prompted to choose, for example, the species or QDS for which you want data. Depending on the menu item you choose, a spreadsheet or report will open which can then be exported, mapped or printed.
     

    The Main Menu

    The Main menu presents a set of options which, when selected, open sub-menus with further options for data entry, extraction etc. Each of these sub-menus has an option Return to previous menu, allowing easy navigation within the menu system. The Main Menu is shown in Figure 2.

    Figure 2 Main menu which appears on opening the database.
     


     

    There are 9 options which are described in the following sections.
     

  • Extract data (display or export results) (see page *)
  • Extract data (as a formatted report to print) (see page *)
  • Enter data (see page *)
  • Check / edit data (see page *)
  • Open bibliography (see page *)
  • Open the on-line manual for this database (see page *)
  • Exit this screen and go to the database window (see page *)
  • Exit from the database (see page *)
    •


    The Main menu opens automatically when the database is opened and you are returned to it after selecting options from the menu. However, if you have left the menu system using the Exit this screen... option and the Main Menu is not showing, you can return to it at any time by clicking on the Forms tab and then on Switchboard.
     

    Extract data (display or export results)

    This menu option is designed to facilitate the extraction of data from the database in a format which can easily be exported into other software packages, for example, word processing, spreadsheet or mapping packages.

    There are seven options which are described in the following sections:
     

  • General species information (see page *)
  • SABAP data (see page *)
  • Raptor road count data (see page *)
  • Wetland data (see page *)
  • Museum specimen data (see page *)
  • Nest record data (see page *)
  • Damara tern nest record data (see page *)
    •  After choosing one of the data extraction options, you may be prompted to select one or more species, QDS or locations from a list. To select one item, just highlight it by clicking on it with the left hand mouse button. To select several consecutive items, click on the top one with the left-hand mouse button, hold the button down and drag down to the last desired item (or hold the Shift button and click on the last desired item). To select more than one non-consecutive items, select the first item and then select subsequent items by holding down the Control key and clicking on the desired items. To deselect a highlighted item, hold down the Control key and click the item. Once all the required items in the list are highlighted, click the OK button to continue. The data extraction process will then proceed and a spreadsheet-type output will appear on the screen. A menu will also appear providing several choices for saving, printing and mapping the extracted data. This is described on page *.
     

    General species information

    The following four queries access all data sets to extract the required data.

  • Extract a data summary for one or more species (all data sets)
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then produces a list of all records in the following format:
     
    Roberts' Species Latin name SABAP (no records) SABAP (no QDS) Museum specimens Nest records Road count records Wetland records
    1 Ostrich Struthio camelus 4509 588 11 149   2
    3 Jackass Penguin Spheniscus demersus 123 29 13 15   27
    6 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 131 17 3 7   30
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 624 73 30 35   134
    8 Dabchick Tachybaptus ruficollis 2013 232 36 67   268
    10 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans 1 1        
  • Extract a species list for selected parks (all data sets)
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more parks from a list and then produces a list of all species reported in the selected park(s), in the following format. Parks are listed below each other.
     
    Protected Area Name Roberts' Species Latin name SABAP records SABAP no QDS Museum specimens Nest records Road count obs Wetland records
    Mahango Game Reserve 1 Ostrich Struthio camelus 48 2   2    
    Mahango Game Reserve 8 Dabchick Tachybaptus ruficollis 13 2       1
    Mahango Game Reserve 49 White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus 3 1       1
    Mahango Game Reserve 50 Pinkbacked Pelican Pelecanus rufescens 3 1       1
    Mahango Game Reserve 55 Whitebreasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 19 1       3
    Mahango Game Reserve 57 Bank Cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus           1
  • Extract a species list for selected QDS (all data sets)
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more QDS from a list and then produces a list of all species reported in the selected QDS(s), in the following format. QDS are listed below each other.
     
    QDS Roberts' Species Latin name SABAP records Museum specimens Nest records Road count obs Wetland records
    2217CA 1 Ostrich Struthio camelus 4 3 1    
    2217CA 6 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus         2
    2217CA 7 Blacknecked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 19       27
    2217CA 8 Dabchick Tachybaptus ruficollis 203 7 1   47
    2217CA 49 White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus 104       7
    2217CA 55 Whitebreasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 168 10     10
  • Calculate the number of species for selected QDS (all data sets)
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more QDS and then displays the number of species reported in the selected QDS(s), in the following format.
     
    QDS No of species
    1714AC 241
    1714AD 171
    1714BC 82
    1714BD 113
    1714CA 20
    1714CB 33
  • Extract a list of Namibian Red Data species
    •  This lists all species classed as Red Data species in Namibia. Species are classified as Critically endangered (in danger of extinction in Namibia if causal factors limiting populations continue to apply); endangered (likely to become critically endangered if limiting factors still apply) or Vulnerable (those with small, localised or declining populations, but which are not yet endangered). Output is in the following format:
     
    Roberts' no Species name Latin name Red data status
    3 Jackass Penguin Spheniscus demersus critically endangered
    6 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus critically endangered
    49 White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus endangered
    50 Pinkbacked Pelican Pelecanus rufescens endangered
    53 Cape Gannet Morus capensis endangered
    59 Crowned Cormorant Phalacrocorax coronatus endangered
    70 Slaty Egret Egretta vinaceigula endangered
  • Extract names and numbers of all southern African species
    •  Lists all species listed in Robert's Birds of Southern Africa , in the following format.
     
    Roberts' no Species name Latin name
    1 Ostrich Struthio camelus
    2 King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus
    3 Jackass Penguin Spheniscus demersus
    4 Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes chrysocome
    5 Macaroni Penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus
    6 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus

    SABAP data

    There are three options:
     

  • Extract SABAP data by QDS (see page *)
  • Extract SABAP data by HDS (see page *)
  • Extract SABAP data by parks/regions (see page *)
    •
  • Extract SABAP data by QDS:
  • List QDS and reporting rates for selected species
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. Species are listed below each other.
     
    Roberts Species QDS Total records Total cards Rep Rate
    3 Jackass Penguin 1812CD 1 41 0.02
    3 Jackass Penguin 1912BA 1 61 0.02
    3 Jackass Penguin 2013AC 1 42 0.02
    3 Jackass Penguin 2013CD 1 92 0.01
    3 Jackass Penguin 2113BA 2 242 0.01
    3 Jackass Penguin 2113DB 1 70 0.01

    If only one species is selected, results from this query can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page * for details on how to map results). The resulting mapped output will look similar to Figure 3.

    Figure 3 Sample map from "List QDS and reporting rates for selected species" from the Extract SABAP data by QDS menu, when only one species is selected.

  • List species and reporting rates for selected QDS
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more QDS from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. QDS are listed below each other.
     
    QDS Roberts Species No of SABAP records No of SABAP cards Rep rate
    1712AB 1 Ostrich 2 5 0.40
    1712AB 60 Darter 3 5 0.60
    1712AB 64 Goliath Heron 1 5 0.20
    1712AB 67 Little Egret 1 5 0.20
    1712AB 74 Greenbacked Heron 2 5 0.40
    1712AB 81 Hamerkop 2 5 0.40
  • List species and reporting rates for combined QDS
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more QDS from a list. SABAP data from the selected QDS are then amalgamated and one reporting rate per species is calculated for the combined QDS. This summary is presented in the following format.
     
     Robert's no Species SABAP records No SABAP cards Rep rate for selected QDS
    1 Ostrich 2.00 7 0.29
    8 Dabchick 2.00 7 0.29
    49 White Pelican 1.00 7 0.14
    55 Whitebreasted Cormorant 2.00 7 0.29
    58 Reed Cormorant 1.00 7 0.14
    60 Darter 1.00 7 0.14
  • Extract records by month for selected species
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. All records for e.g. January are combined. Species are listed below each other.
     
    Roberts Species Month QDS No of SABAP records No of SABAP cards
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1711BC 1 1
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1711BD 1 2
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1712AA 1 3
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1714AC 1 5
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1714DB 1 1
    62 Grey Heron Apr 1714DD 1 3

    If only one species is selected, results from this query can be mapped (see page *). If you choose Map results, you will be prompted to indicate which month you want to map by typing in the first three letters of the month e.g. Jan. the mapped output will look similar to Figure 4.

    Figure 4 Sample map obtained by selecting "Extract records by month for selected species" from the Extract SABAP data by QDS menu, and selecting one month for one species.

  • Extract records by month and year for selected species
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more species from a list. It then prompts you to choose the start and stop months of the period for which you want data and then produces summary data in the following format. Species are listed below each other.
     
    Roberts Species Month/Year QDS No of SABAP records No of SABAP cards
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Jan/1983 1912BD 1 1
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Jan/1983 2214DC 1 1
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Jan/1983 2314AD 1 1
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Feb/1983 1816DD 1 2
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Feb/1983 2417BD 1 1
    7 Blacknecked Grebe Feb/1983 2615CA 1 1
  • Summarise range information for selected species
    •  This option summarises the range of the selected species, according to land tenure, in the following format.
     
    Roberts Species No of SABAP records No of QDS Area of QDS (km2) Communal (km2) Farms Communal (km2) Mining Area (km2) Protected Area (km2) Tourist Area (km2) Commercial Area (km2)
    96 Greater Flamingo 1226 104 61290 11663 3845 1153 22297 3111 19744
    97 Lesser Flamingo 1111 87 49082 11677 1944 1588 19509 4143 10061
    99 Whitefaced Duck 222 72 41092 16427 2651 154 8016 0 13963
    100 Fulvous Duck 79 33 19838 13541 1180 154 2979 0 2147
    101 Whitebacked Duck 108 33 21362 7169 6 0 3494 344 11243
    102 Egyptian Goose 3185 358 230889 43632 16726 2478 37261 1558 129843
  • List number of species per QDS
    •  This option lists the number of species reported by SABAP in every QDS in Namibia in the following format.
     
    QDS No of species
    1613CC 90
    1613CD 184
    1711BB 109
    1711BC 110
    1711BD 122
    1711DA 14

    These results can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page *).
     

  • List number of cards per QDS
    •  This option lists the number of SABAP cards returned for every QDS in Namibia in the following format.
     
    QDS No of cards
    1613CC 5
    1613CD 10
    1711BB 6
    1711BC 15
    1711BD 13
    1711DA 4

    These results can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page *).
     

  • Extract a list of breeding records for selected QDS
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more QDS from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. QDS are listed below each other.
     
    QDS No of cards Roberts Species non breeding suspected breeding proven breeding eggs chicks eggs and chicks dependent fledgling
    2216DB 252 1 Ostrich 27            
    2216DB 252 7 Blacknecked Grebe 2            
    2216DB 252 8 Dabchick 167 1   1 1    
    2216DB 252 49 White Pelican 12            
    2216DB 252 55 Whitebreasted Cormorant 108            
    2216DB 252 58 Reed Cormorant 96            
      Extract SABAP data by HDS:
  • List reporting rates for selected species
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. Species are listed below each other.
     
    HDS Roberts' Species SABAP records No of SABAP cards Rep rate
    1613C 148 African Fish Eagle 6 15 0.40
    1711B 148 African Fish Eagle 3 34 0.09
    1712A 148 African Fish Eagle 1 31 0.03
    1713A 148 African Fish Eagle 7 41 0.17
    1713B 148 African Fish Eagle 7 25 0.28
    1714A 148 African Fish Eagle 22 44 0.50

    If only one species is selected, these results can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page *). The resulting mapped output will look similar to Figure 5.

    Figure 5 Sample map obtained by selecting "List reporting rates for selected species" from the Extract SABAP data by HDS menu, when only one species is selected.


     

    This option lists the number of species reported by SABAP in every HDS in Namibia in the following format.
     
     
     HDS No of species
    1613C 193
    1711B 150
    1711D 30
    1712A 161
    1712B 83
    1712C 61

    These results can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page *).
     

  • List number of cards per HDS
    •  This option lists the number of SABAP cards returned for every HDS in Namibia in the following format.
     
    HDS No of cards
    1613C 15
    1711B 34
    1711D 16
    1712A 31
    1712B 11
    1712C 24

    These results can be mapped by selecting Map results from the menu (see page *). The resulting mapped output will look similar to Figure 6.

    Figure 6 Sample map obtained by selecting "List number of cards per HDS" from the Extract SABAP data by HDS menu.

  • Extract SABAP data by parks/regions:
  • Extract a species list with reporting rates for selected parks
    •  This option first prompts you to choose one or more parks from a list and then produces summary data in the following format. Parks are listed below each other.
     
    Protected Area Robert's no Species SABAP records No SABAP cards Park rep rate No QDS included
    Etosha National Park 1 Ostrich 1370 2026 0.68 41
    Etosha National Park 6 Great Crested Grebe 5 2026 0.00 41
    Etosha National Park 7 Blacknecked Grebe 47 2026 0.02 41
    Etosha National Park 8 Dabchick 273 2026 0.13 41
    Etosha National Park 49 White Pelican 91 2026 0.04 41
    Etosha National Park 55 Whitebreasted Cormorant 7 2026 0.00 41
  • List QDS in/partly within parks
    •  This option lists, for each park, the QDS which fall within, or partly within, each park. It also provides the latitude and longitude of the centre of each QDS.
     
    Park QDS Longitude Latitude
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711BB 11.875 -17.125
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711BC 11.625 -17.375
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711BD 11.875 -17.375
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711DA 11.625 -17.625
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711DB 11.875 -17.625
    Skeleton Coast Park 1711DD 11.875 -17.875
  • List QDS in/partly within regions
    •  This option produces output in the same format as the previous query, for each region. Note that the regions used are the pre-1998 regions.
     
    Region QDS Longitude Latitude
    Caprivi 1721CC 21.125 -17.875
    Caprivi 1721CD 21.375 -17.875
    Caprivi 1721DC 21.625 -17.875
    Caprivi 1721DD 21.875 -17.875
    Caprivi 1722CC 22.125 -17.875
    Caprivi 1722CD 22.375 -17.875

    Raptor road count data

  • Summarise QDS within raptor road count zones
    •  This lists all QDS in every road count zone in the following format.
     
    Zone Zone description Quarter degree square
    1 Northern Namib 1711BB
    1 Northern Namib 1711BC
    1 Northern Namib 1711BD
    1 Northern Namib 1711DA
    1 Northern Namib 1711DB
    1 Northern Namib 1711DD
  • Summarise raptor density by zone and year for selected raptors (all data)
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then summarises road count data from each zone in the following format.
     
     
     Zone Season Species No birds km birds/100km
    1 84-wet Whitebacked vulture 1 3804 0.03
    1 85-dry Whitebacked vulture 1 4556 0.02
    1 87-wet Whitebacked vulture 5 2668 0.19
    1 88-wet Whitebacked vulture 5 1656 0.30
    2 83-dry Whitebacked vulture 16 11243 0.14
    2 83-wet Whitebacked vulture 2 9444 0.02
  • Summarise raptor activity by hour for selected raptors
    •  This option prompts you to select one or more species and then summarises raptor activity by hour in the following format.
     
    Species Hour Activity Count Total count Proportion
    Tawny Eagle 06 P 4 4 1.00
    Tawny Eagle 07 F 4 33 0.12
    Tawny Eagle 07 G 1 33 0.03
    Tawny Eagle 07 P 28 33 0.85
    Tawny Eagle 08 F 19 65 0.29
    Tawny Eagle 08 G 1 65 0.02

    (F = flying; P = perched; G = on ground).
     

  • Summarise use of substrates for selected raptors
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more species and then summarises substrate use in the following format.
     
    Species Zone Natural/Artificial Substrate no obs art/nat total no obs prop use
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 1 Artificial Telephone pole 1 22 4.55
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 1 Natural Dead tree 1 22 4.55
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 1 Natural Green tree 17 22 77.27
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 1 Natural Rocks/boulders 2 22 9.09
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 1 Natural Short vegetation 1 22 4.55
    Blackbreasted Snake Eagle 2 Artificial Fence post 1 61 1.64
  • Summarise ratio of adults:immatures for selected raptors
    •  This option prompts you to choose one or more species from a list and then produces data in the following format.
     
     
     Species Season No birds Prop ad Prop imm
    Bateleur 77-dry 1 0.00 100.00
    Bateleur 77-wet 2 50.00 50.00
    Bateleur 78-dry 5 40.00 60.00
    Bateleur 78-wet 1 100.00 0.00
    Bateleur 79-wet 2 50.00 50.00
    Bateleur 80-dry 1 100.00 0.00
  • Summarise all raptor observations per selected route sections (Month/Year)
    •  Here you are first prompted for the route you require.
     
     
     Month/Year Route 1km Section Longitude Latitude Times travelled Observations
    Apr-84 4 1 16.13948 -20.09468 1 0
    Apr-84 4 2 16.14803 -20.09878 1 1
    Apr-84 4 3 16.15237 -20.10651 1 1
    Apr-84 4 4 16.1549 -20.11511 1 0
    Apr-84 4 5 16.15528 -20.12397 1 0
    Apr-84 4 6 16.15789 -20.1325 1 0
  • Summarise all raptor observations per selected route sections (Month only)
    •  Here you are first prompted for the route you require.
     
    Month Route 1km Section Longitude Latitude Times travelled Observations
    Apr 14 1 18.09906 -19.56707 6 1
    Apr 14 2 18.09012 -19.56994