In Namibia the phenomenon of bush encroachment is regarded to be part of the process of desertification since the increase in the extent and density of woody vegetation occurred at the expense of other desirable grasses and forbes resulting in an alarming reduction in productivity. It is estimated that an area of between eight and ten million hectares is severely invaded by bush while another approximately 5 million are affected to a lesser extent. The main species causing the encroachment problem are Acacia mellifera (Black thorn), Dichrostachys cineria (Sickle bush),Terminalia sericea (Silver Terminalia), Terminalia prunioides (Purple pod Terminalia), Acacia erubescens (Blue thorn), Acacia reficiens (False umbrella thorn) and Colophospermum mopane (Mopane). Prosopis varieties also occur mainly in the Nossob, Olifants and Ouob rivers in high densities and they are spreading outside the river lines into the central and southern Kalahari. It is generally accepted that the decline in the carrying capacity of our rangelands could be more than 50% with a concomitant loss in income of several hundred million dollars per annum. Large areas in the southern parts of the country are also affected by mainly Trichotomum rhigosum (driedoring) and even Black thorn.

The overall objective of the Project is:

• to promote and to establish appropriate systems for diverse and sustainable land management in encroached areas.

The purpose of this Project is:

• to develop a common information base and understanding on the issues related to bush encroachment; and

• to prepare a long-term programme to reverse the adverse effects of bush thickening.

Project implementation and current activities

The project is divided into two phases:

Phase 1 covers the period 1 September 2000 to 31 August 2002, and will focus on establishing a common information base and preparation of an integrated research, monitoring and management programme through a participatory process.

Phase 2 will then implement the proposed action plans and monitor the progress and impacts on the biophysical and socio-economic environments.

The report on Phase 1 is now available to view in hardcopy as well as in digital format.

The following eight components have been identified, which will lead us to the ultimate objective:

1. To review all existing literature, information and experiences that relates to the phenomenon of bush encroachment. In this respect the following aspects are of particular importance;

2. To assess AREAS affected by bush encroachment in different agricultural ecological zones and carry out a study to determine the socio-economic effect of bush encroachment as well as a study on the impact of bush encroachment on bio-diversity;

3. To map bush encroachment areas on a national scale and establish a GIS database;

4. To identify bush encroached areas, and carry out on-farm surveys to determine the type and density of intruder bush;

5. To determine the kind of information and information management system needed for effective monitoring of environmental changes. Indicators to monitor environmental changes i.e. soil, water, vegetation should be identified to support the process and should be relevant, practical but also scientifically reliable and easy to measure. Consequently, a list of indicators that reflect pressure as well as response must be compiled and should include indicators of bio-diversity and ecosystem function;

6. To recommendations on the contents of a skills training programme for agricultural extension officers and researchers as well as technicians to be offered during implementation of phase 2;

7. To review the present policy and legislation on the environment, which could impact on a long-term strategy, identify gaps and prepare proposals for reforms; and

8. To publicise, disseminate information, share experience, raise awareness and to network.

Linked partners and funding

The project is sponsored by the Government of Finland and it seeks active participation with farmers and organisations representing farmers, NGO's, other ministries and institutions that can make an active contribution. It is implemented by DEA, in close collaboration with MAWRD, DOF, NNFU, NAU, DRFN, NERU, SARDEP, NOLIDEP and commercial and communal farmers in affected areas.

Staff

Contact: Mr. Nico De Klerk - Project Co-ordinator